Gender Differences in Leadership Essay Example for Free

Gender Differences in Leadership Essay1. What argon the strongest points of the motif? What do you consider are its main contributions to the field of orbiculate people management?The paper itself has a very provoke purpose with the research question of whether women leaders are really contrastive from men leaders. The paper gives a very good introduction in particular giving the literature review in hallow to get familiar with some basal noesis on the topic of gender differences in leadership. The review contract combination of stereotypes and cultural differences stresses out well a new viewpoint of the problem, which has non been discussed that widely in prior research. Also the introduction of the new nonion stereotype threat, which actually might be viewed as a part solution for women sometimes performing not as well as they possibly could is an interesting point for management issues in reality. However the strongest points of the paper are evident. The introduc tion of the new concept of three paradigms gender-blind view, gender-conscious view and that perception creates reality are not only the strongest points of the paper, but in my opinion can too be considered as contributions to the field of global people management. This new paradigms could possibly change the perception of companies, maybe companies will use the tool of the three paradigms to break their own structures and be able to improve situations for women, giving them more possibilities.2. What are the weakest points of the paper? (E.g. What arguments are not strong enough? What is not clear? What is absent?)Potential drawbacks are that paradigms are introduced, but not sufficiently discussed within. Also the paper gives good examples where they can be found, it could show more proof for their universe of discourse apart from summarising and drawing them together from old findings. Also the paper does not find a good way how to manage diversity and to capture it. It does not manage the combination of cost-effective coordination and senility to local cultures. Likewise the paper focuses on only two firms, Fuel and Excel, which are very different in how they fill out the paradigms. In my opinion two firms are not enough, more firms should be reviewed for example in a questionnaire in order to give more support for the findings. Correspondingly the paper does not include a focus on multinational firms, which is very important not to lend out in times of globalization. The last criticism is that the paper is unable to answer its paper purpose question what is the real difference among men and women in leadership.3. How could the author make the paper better?When writing the literature review the could build up the research papers and the gained knowledge chronologically and not going back and forth in the research dates. As the paper is missing some numbers, the technique of hypothesis could have been used, a bigger number of companies questioned in s urvey style as then a quantitative analysis would exist as evidence for whether the problem exists in real life and whether paradigms can be implied in the general management world. Also the point of view of women on this topic would be very interesting and more expedient. How do women perceive the gender different initiatives, what would they like as support? Also the paper as already mentioned should include a focus on multinational firms and include those in a study.

Sample Statement of Purpose for Recreation and Leisure Studies Essay Example for Free

Sample Statement of Purpose for digression and Leisure Studies EssaySample Statement of Purpose for Recreation and Leisure Studies The soldierly maneuver (wushu) and the Technique of Deep Breathing (qigong) constitute an integral part of Chinese traditional culture and one of the essential cultural legacies of the world civilization. Even now, those cardinal ancient health-building techniques are still indispensable in facilitating peoples health. Yet, it is regretful to notice that they seem to put one across stopped developing in the red-brick era.I believe that the best way out of this dilemma is to integrate those two traditional health-building techniques with the latest research achievements of western recreational and leisure studies. I believe that by undertaking a Ph. D. program in recreation and leisure studies at your esteemed university, I will be well positioned to ferment contributions to this integration. I completed my undergraduate and postgraduate progra ms respectively at xxxxx Institute of Physical direction and xxxxxx University, arguably two branch-rate sports universities in China.I first majored in the Chinese hawkish arts then in Chinese traditional Taiji and health Qigong. This systematic and rigorous educational background has given me a necessary academic foundation for your program. My 7-year education allowed me to not only learn the theories and the skills in my specialties but also gain insights into the essence of the wushu and qigongthe perfect union amidst the physical and the mental.In two programs, I was particularly fascinated by a number of courses such as Martial Arts Serial employment Training, Taiji Boxing, health Cultivation Qigong, Yoga, Exercise Physiology, Sport Medicine, and Sport Anatomy. I benefited from the martial arts training, taiji boxing and qigong exercises by deriving the spirit of perseverance and the pursuit of an expeditious and balanced life characterized by a tactful aggressive att itude. In this way, I maintained a tranquil state of benign physiological-psychological cycle. Energetic and aggressive, I made efforts to win academic successes one after another.Entering the xxxxx Institute of Physical Education as the third top student in my responsibleness in that years national university entrance examination, I maintained a leading position in my academic performance, not only winning scholarships (available only to the top 5%) every year but also receiving the honor of Outstanding Student, Outstanding Graduate and Excellent Intern. With top scores in the qualifying examinations for the postgraduate program, I was enrolled into Beijing Sport University. As a postgraduate, I had ample teaching assistant engender.First, I taught taiji boxing and health shade qigong to undergraduates. Then, because of my sound English proficiency and interpersonal skills, I worked as a teacher of taiji boxing and health cultivation qigong, on behalf of our universitys Foreign personal matters Section, to foreign students and taiji-qigong fans from France, Canada, the United States, Japan and African countries. In addition, I was a voluntary teacher offering free taiji-qigong trainings to the elderly people at Martial Arts Association of China Academy of Sciences and Beijing Ever-Green Geracomium.All those activities helped me accumulate important teaching experience and raise my service awareness. The research I go done in piece of writing my undergraduate thesis and postgraduate sermon is closely aligned with the program I am currently applying for. Entitled The subject Characteristics of Chinese Martial Arts, my undergraduate thesis demonstrates the underlying cultural features and the healthcare medical effect of the martial artstheir ability to temper ones psychology and cultivate ones temperament in addition to their direct health cultivation through physical exercises.My Masters dissertation focuses on the Philosophical Characteristics of Chi nese Traditional Sport Health Cultivation Practices. By an in-depth analysis of the theoretical premises of Chinese traditional sport practices, such as the supremacy of prevention, parallel development of internal and external mechanisms, and equal emphasis on mental and physical cultivation, the dissertation offers an edition of the philosophical basis of those practices. I also examined how those philosophical principles are embodied in the actual practices.I applied an interdisciplinary approach in writing this dissertation, soliciting constructive comments from senior professors in Chinese medicine, arts, social sciences, and, of course, sports. My work experience since the completion of my Masters program is related to sports administration as I have been working at the Center of Health Qigong Administration, State Administration of Sport. Our center is a governmental organization devoted to providing consultations to elderly citizens concerning sports activities and exercise s.Apart from indite major government policies, I have taken part in important academic activities over the past two years. I have been a member of a research team on two research projects sponsored by the State Administration of Sport and other relevant departmentsCreating and Standardizing Certain Health Qigong Practices from Chinese Traditional Health Cultivation Forms and Evaluating their Physical Effect and Research into the Current State of Public Health Qigong Activities.For the first project, I have have the National Award for Sports Science and Technology Advances. In addition, I have co-authored four books published by the People Sports Publishing House, including Tendon Changing absolute of Health Qigong Practices (please refer to my Resume for detail). I have also attended important academic conferences, acted as research assistant and trainer. In this way, I have developed valuable practical experiences, enhancing my teaching, training and research abilities.In my pro posed program, I am deeply interested in studying recreation and leisure. My work experience shows that Chinese traditional health cultivation practices like qigong and martial arts, themselves recreational and leisure events, have sound preventive and therapeutic effects. It is a pity that, without scientific guidelines, we have not made full advantage of those important resources. The underlying reason is that we have not been able to perform systematic and comprehensive research. some other reason is that, even though people now enjoy much more spare time than ever before, they have little idea how to excrete their leisure and undertake recreation in an intelligent manner. I hope that I can help people understand the importance of the principle of withstand well through healthy lifestyle. I also hope that, through your program, I can continue to broaden my administrative knowledge so that I can ultimately facilitate recreation and leisure activities through government and comm unity channels.I would like to apply for admission into the School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation of xxxx University. Your program of Recreation and Leisure Studies offers an interdisciplinary study that encompasses a rich variety of subjects ranging from Recreation Management to Leisure Behavior. You have advanced facilities, ripen curriculum and effective research methodologies, thereby providing a sound condition for me to carry out my studies and research.I would like to concentrate on Therapeutic Recreation, Recreation Administration, Recreational Sport Management, and Leisure Studies, Leisure and Health, Leisure and Healthy Lifestyles, Leisure and Aging, Sports for Seniors. I am particularly interested in Therapeutic Recreation because I hope to focus on exposing the socially underprivileged people, that is, the weak and the elderly, the patients of chronic and deeline diseases, the handicapped and the mentally retarded, to a satisfying leisure lifestyle by prac ticing yoga, taiji boxing, qigong, and martial arts.I wish that your program will develop me into a researcher, administrator, teacher and/or counselor in recreation and leisure who can treat and restore people in need by using recreational sports and therapeutic recreational services. My undergraduate and postgraduate specializations and my work experiences all point to my qualifications as a worthy candidate for your Ph. D. program. I believe that my Oriental background, especially my understanding of traditional Chinese philosophy and my skills in Yoga, Taiji boxing, Qigong and Martial Arts will be a unique contribution to the diversity of your program.

Swu Balay Alumni Management System Essay Example for Free

Swu Balay Alumni Management governing body EssayThe hospitality industry is atomic number 53 that is primarily focussed on customer gaiety. For the most part, it is built on leisure or is luxury-based, as opposed to meeting basic need. Hotels and resorts, cruise lines, airlines and other various forms of travel, tourism, excess event planning, and restaurants all generally fall under the realm of the hospitality industry. Exceptional service is usually very important for all of these businesses. Customer satisfaction usually leads to consumer loyalty, which encourages to watch the success of a company in the hospitality industry. A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The cooking of basic accommodation, in epochs past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. The cos t and quality of hotels be usually indicative of the range and type of services available. anterior-of-the-Ho practice session operations are known so because these operations take place in front of the clients. Thus, these operations are related either to direct interaction with the guest or they are being conducted in front of the guest. The front finishice activities start from the succession a guest calls or sends in a require for reservation/ accommodation. Staff of the front office department starts interacting with guest by taking in, guest information and reservation request, leading to confirmation of reservation and finally to the handling of guest on arrival and guest check-in. Check-in activity is a must for both, a guest with reservation or a walk-in-guest, i.e., one is without prior reservation.Due to the enormous increase in tourismworldwide during the last decades of the 20th century, standards, especially those of smaller establishments, watch improved cons iderably. Hotels are independently assessed in traditionalistic constitutions and these rely heavily on the facilities provided. Today, most ofthe Hotels provide goods and services using computer clay. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some companies are become fully automated while others strive for the similar setting. Computer programmers develop things corresponding computer system that the rest of us could use. The computer programmers tell the users what to do.They make programs that users can considerably used or understand. The advent of new technology gave rise to easy and hassle free interaction between and among humans. Whether it is in business, science or whatever task a person takes on the quality and speed of carrying it out are enhanced with mechanisation at the core of this economical like a shot, many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the efficient and accuracy. Hotel Front Desk adminis tration is a transaction processing and forethought system. In this system there are more advantages rather than a manual way of doing the task.Interaction and individual(a) stimulation have always been linked to the technological availability of the time and place. With the transition to an information-based society, computers and transactions have evolved from manual transaction. One of the solutions or alternatives to the problems that a hotel is facing, a system was being developed which can edit, delete, filter, monitor and store and secured the records of the customers. Indeed, Information Technology provides Hospitality solutions in delivering sophisticated services that differentiate the company from competitors and make water a personalized experience for each guest. This comprehensive suite of solutions helps hotel owners and operators to achieve customer satisfaction.With this, the researchers believe that for a rising business like the SWU BALAY ALUMNI, which will in short provide accommodation business to cater the schools stakeholders and community needs to have a good front desk system that will help run the operation easier in terms of accommodation process involving its clients and guests. The researchers want to know the reasons of hotel in using manual reservation and conduct a psychoanalyze towards the topic because they notice some of the hotel still use manual reservation. The study will emphasize the effects of using manual reservation and how a computerized reservation will be substituted, which can be later on applied to that of the proposed SWU BALAY ALUMNI. Therefore, the researchers purported to find out how to increase the number of customer using computerized reservation. Front Desk system is a transaction processing system that solves the problem encountered during the manual Hotel Reservations and transactions.The computerized Front Desk system of rules aims to simplify the manual Hotel Reservation fastest and accu lay. The system match staff schedules to optimal service levels, control costs, and rapidly adapt to changing conditions. Accuracy and efficiency can never be a question, since in both the operators and customers, time is important, with this integration fast and authorized service is optimized. It as well allows your managers to spend less time on administrative tasks and more time taking care of guests and settlement other issues on the property. Other than that, these solutions can ensure your staff and operations are running at peak performance. Youll be able to identify gross revenue trends, product and inventory costs, compare similar locations, and evaluate performance against established budgets and targets thus, ensuring organization within the company operations.Furthermore, added feature that promotes great customer experience like seasonal discounts and privileges offered to loyal or lucky patrons. The system once implement it will solve the most common problems that the Ho tel Reservation encounter. In the hospitality industry, wear upon is one of the largest expense items. This kind of heed system that is fast, efficient, and user-friendly, cuts of the burden of too much labor and expense of manual work. With the skills and knowledge of the Researchers the possibility of establishing this system is vivid. Definitely, SWU BALAY ALUMNI needs this system in order for the business to grow and to be successful.Purpose and Description of the StudyThe purpose of the study is to be able to have efficient control and claim organization in the flow and process of the interest aspects of operations* ReservationHotel reservations are made in real time and forthwith after booking. It will help to manage a collection of data in the hotel. Moreover, you can add, change, and cancel bookings.* Booking*Booking is the actual confirmation of payment one by a customer upon check in or accommodation of the room* ProfilesUpon reservation and booking, must have a gues t visibleness to attach it. Guest Profile contains main information about a Guest. Guest Profile has type of Individual, Company, Corporate, Travel Agent, or other Source of a Hotel Reservation and Booking. You can search, view, update or cancel a created reservation. If a reservation has been cancelled, then you can re-activate it if the Guest comes back. Reservation can be in Pending status such as putting in Waiting List if Room is not yet available. It can be taken off the Waiting List and accepted when Room becoming available. Many options can be applied to Reservation to tailor your needs.Profile in Hotel Management System listing the multiple addresses and phone number capability for each profile. It means that if any error happens during the transaction or key in data the system can read and detect with very fast. Its to avoid the duplication while doing the transaction and the customer profile can be saving for yen lasting. Other than that, with the profile, the managemen t can projection and sort out the special customer who has the membership or club number and tracking them. With this way, customer power be have the special rates and can get the privilege.For the unlimited credit bank bill numbers, guest can use many types of credit card in the hotel to make a payment which this system giving various types to pay. This system also can shed more advantage where they can see the outstanding history statistics for past and future pillows. Its to avoiding the fraud in falsifying data and loss. Customer have many advantage when they come to the hotel who has implemented the hotel reservation software because they no need to make a registration each time come to the hotel because the profile customer are save and have a protection and privacy.* Rate and Discounts ControlEvery hotel has their own rates to attract the customer to come to their hotel. This is the strategies to ensure the hotel always get the customer and to maintain their profit. In t he Hotel Management System, the inventory control very useful because it can show to us the unlimited room classes and rooms types that the hotel has. This inventory can helps the management hotel to see their marketing also the performance in daily, weekly, monthly even yearly. These modules also can helps to arrange the rate plans by see the market terms and see the rates in the multiple currencies. So that every customer or foreigner can search the hotel booking by see the currencies price. These modules also can keep change and negotiated rates by following the versatile tax calculations and chain cross sell capability with schedule.In the rooms and rate management and restrictions, the Hotel Management System can helps where they can manage the room with following the rate. If there have any restriction, that means the rooms was ordered or already reserved by the individual, group or others. So that, they cannot enter or reserve that rooms until the cancellation done. For more looks forward, this system giving the ability to feed or close room types by rate, property, room class, etc. For those was booking the hotel, they no need to worried because this system has unlimited number of guarantee. To those had give the set up before enter the rooms, they can get it back when they check out because the system save who pay for the deposit and if any cancellation, they must follow the policies to ensure the safety between hotel and customer.Besides that, the reservation system lets you set up rate structures for individual properties, groups of properties, or for chains. Multi-level rate and inventory controls make inventory management easier and increase profitability. Rates and room types can be automatically restricted based on percentage occupancy, minimum stay through, arrival date, and more. Agents can use the hotel reservation system to easily determine best available rates for any length of stay. To maximize property revenues, these hotel reservation computer systems also allow interfacing to major yield management systems.* AdministrationThe Hotel decision maker is responsible for the reception of guest as well as internal communications of the hotel services. The post of administrator is related to the guest reception service or, as it has been recently called, front office service.* ReportingThe reporting system provides a number of standard reports. System reports may be generated automatically and may be run daily, weekly, monthly, yearly or manually upon request. Reports include expected arrivals, reservation, property forecast, total booking activity, stay activity, monthly and daily booking activity summary. property detail, agent activity, automatic allotment release and delivery queue purge.* PMS InterfaceCRS offer bipartite Interface that allows the CRS to communicate with and exchange information between the CRS central database and the Front Office PMS (Property Management System) at each property. The Two-Way I nterface includes features that are allowed the CRS and PMS to work with the same information despite differing data structures and values. What interface to a web-based PMS offers Control all reservations coming from different sources in a single control panel/extranet Property Management System helps you distribute your rooms optimally to different online channels you work with since with PMS you can easily check the resource of your reservations.You can easily analyze how much each sales channel contributes to your revenues and identify the most efficient channels. With Property Management System, hoteliers mystify instant alerts containing information of your reservations length of stay with check-in and check-out dates, number of guests, room type, price and rates, personal information of customers, billing and etc. Main advantage of a web-based PMS is its communication ability to CRS as well as to hotel website booking engine and other online sales channels.Objectives of the StudyThe study aims to create a Hotel Front Desk System for SWU BALAY ALUMNI.General ObjectiveThis study aims to solve the problems encountered and to change the manual reservation and hotel processes and transactions.Specific ObjectivesSpecifically the proposed system will guide to do the following objectives a) To create a computerized system that will manage the records of the following entities* Guests* Staff* Rooms* Reportsb) To create a computerized system that will manage tasks for Housekeeping. c) To create a computerized system that will provide substantial Sales Reports and Inventories. d) To create a computerized system that will manage and control on Room rates chain of mountains and Limitations of the StudyThis study mainly focused on providing retailing business application using computerized system that enables businesses to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process on every transaction especially in a hotel front desk management. This study looked into a better impact of using technology today on how it affects our daily lives especially for being the customer. With this study, it can help our beneficiaries to know the differences of using manual system to a computerized generation today, prioritize is to prove and to give them the right information.Furthermore the proposed Front Desk Hotel Management System for SWU BALAY ALUMNI limits itself in the following aspects Room Reservation, Room Bookings, Room Maintenance and Housekeeping, Staff and Customer Profiling, Administrative Control, Reporting, and Billing. However, this project is limited only in giving discounted rates for Southwestern Alumni and stakeholders. Furthermore, reservations can only be conducted in two ways either walk-in or via phone call. Thus, online reservation is not possible. The system is not capable of managing both payroll, laundry, restaurant, bar, gym and other facilities and amenities offered of the hotel..

Jane Eyre Vs Wuthering Heights

Jane Eyre Vs Wuthering highschoolThe Bronte sisters definitely played a major role in the English literature. They wrote in a style which is c eithered Gothic prevarication or sometimes Gothic Horror, this style is an extension of the Romantic Movement. The Bronte family had six children, Charlotte was the third child, and Emily was the fifth child in the family of Bronte. They novels were admitted as sensational and now they numerate as a part of the English Classicism Literature. Jane Eyre is the most famous novel of Charlotte Bronte and one of the most famous novels in Great Britain. The novel reflects suddenly the fundamental relationships of the society of that time in Great Britain. Passion, search for love and family, differences between social classes and role of the women in society of that time, all is included. Wuthering high school is Emilys Bronte however novel, which tells about passions which can rise in the heart of lovers, about how circumstances may change the way of life and what is most important, it is a portrait of womans heart.Jane Eyre is a novel written by Charlotte Bronte which was published for the first time in 1847. It tells a story about a young girl Jane, which had lost her parents in the early childhood. Because of that, she must life with her aunt and cousins, the Reeds, at the Gates head Hall. They treat this innocent orphan very badly. Later on, Jane finishes a religious embarkation school for orphans, after that she fakes as a teacher for two more than years, until she is eighteen years old. At eighteen she decides to leave the institution and begins to work as a governess. Her duty now is to watch after a little French girl, Adele Varens, at a country augury called Thornfield. At Thornfield she meets Mr. Rochester and they some(prenominal) fall in love with each other(a). All is going well, but Mr. Rochester has some dark secrets from his past. At the day when Mr. Rochester and Jane should hook up with, two men arrive at the church and take up, that he is already married. Mr. Rochester tries to explain, that his wife is not mentally normal and that his father made him to marry her, because of the familys money. However, Jane refuses to listen and runs away from him. With no money for humankind she almost dies, however a kind Rivers family finds her and provides a shelter for her. Later on it turns out, that Rivers siblings are actually her cousins. They live quite well, but then St. bathroom (her cousin) offers her to marry him and travel to India as missioners. Jane almost agrees, but then one night, she sees a dream where Mr. Rochester is calling her from the void. After this strange dream, she decides to berate Thornfield. As she goes there, she finds out, that the house has been burnt to the ground, and that Mr. Rochester, while trying to save his mad wife from the fire has lost one eye, one hand and is blind. Jane now finds Mr. Rochester, he tells how hard he tried to find her and could not succeed in it. She offers her help as a housekeeper or a nurse, but deep inside she wants, that Mr. Rochester offer her to marry him. After a short period he does so, they have a quiet wedding and after several years, his vision is gradually turning ski binding to him.Wuthering Heights is a gothic novel written by Emily Bronte and it is her only work. It was first published in 1847. The story is set in Yorkshire moors, in pass 1801 a man named Lockwood in the search of solitude rents a country house called Thrushcross Grange. Here he finds out about his landlord and neighbour, Heathcliff a man who lives in exaltation. Nelly Dean is the housekeeper of Thrushcross Grange, and Lockwood asks her to tell the story of Heathcliff. Nelly starts her story with remembering her childhood when she worked as a young girl at Wuthering Heights as a servant girl for Earnshaws family. Once Mr. Earnshaw left his family, because of the business in Liverpool, he returns back home with an orphan boy. At first Mr. Earnshaw children, that is Hindley and Catherine hates the dark hair orphan, but concisely Catherin feels love for young Heathcliff and they start to sp block up all their time together. However, Hindley feels nothing, but disgust and hate to Heathcliff. Later on, Mr. Earnshaws wife dies and as time is passing Mr. Earnshaw starts to choose Heatchcliff over his own child. He even sends Hindley away to the college. Passes three more years, and death takes away Mr. Earnshaw. As Mr. Earnshaw dies, Hindley returns to Wuthering Heights from his banishment. He returns with his wife, Frances, and immediately starts his revenge on Heathcliff. Hindley forces Heathcliff to work on fields as a common worker. Catherine still feels love for Heathcliff. One day they both decide to visit Linton family, who inhabited Thrushcross Grange at that time. As they approach Thrushcross Grange, the dogs come out and Catherine is bitten by one of them. Lintons take her to their hous e, however Heathcliff leaves it immediately. Because of injuries, she is forced to stay at Thrushcross Grange. She stays there for almost cinque weeks and during that time Mrs. Linton, who feels interest for Catherine Earnshaw, teaches her how to behave properly and how to be a lady. Another thing is that as Catherine returns to Wuthering Heights, she is already charmed by Edgar, the son of the Linton family and her relationship with Heathcliff, passs such(prenominal) more complicated. Soon, another tragedy happens in Wuthering Heights, Frances (Hindleys wife) dies when giving birth to a son. After this happens, Hindley starts to abuse alcohol and his attitude towards other people in Wuthering Heights change dramatically, and the most cruelty and rage is turned against Heathcliff. Catherine after inhabiting Lintons house for almost five weeks and meeting Edgar Linton, feels need for social status improvement and becomes in use(p) with Edgar. Heathcliff banishes himself from Wuth ering Heights for three years. As he returns, Catherine and Edgar are already married. Heathcliff feels rage and is full of hate moreover he has a mysterious fortune in his hands. Hindley is continuing abuse the alcohol and Heathcliff is lending money to him without any mercy, knowing that it will increase Hindleys total debts. Hindley dies. Heathcliff buys Wuthering Heights and marries Isabella Linton, so he can become a master of Thrushcross Grange. He treats Isabella very cruelly after the marriage. Meanwhile, Catherine gives birth to a beautiful daughter, also named Catherine, and dies during the childbirth. Heathcliff feels desperate and crushed he begs Catherine to remain on Earth and be with him. Isabella goes to London and gives birth to a son of Heathcliff and stays there. Nelly Dean serves as a nurse of Heathcliffs daughter for thirteen years at Thrushcross Grange. After thirteen years, Isabella dies and her son is forced to move to Wuthering Heights to live with his fathe r, that is Heathcliff. After three years, young Catherine meets Hareton (Hindleys son) near the moors of Wuthering Heights. Later on she decides to visit the domain and meets a young Linton. They both begin romance in letters, however this romance is not real, Heathcliff forces Catherine to write to Linton, because of hope, that she will marry him, so he could claim all rights on Thrushcross Grange. Later on Edgar falls ill and is near to death Heathcliff steals Nelly Dean and Catherin until Catherin agrees to marry young Linton. Soon after their marriage Edgar dies, and soon after that, the death takes away young Linton as well. Heathcliff now becomes a master of both estates. Catherine is all alone and Heathcliff makes her life in Wuthering Heights as a nightmare. At this point Nellys story ends and reaches the present moment, when Lockwood arrived. Lockwood shocked ends his visit in Thrushcross Grange and turns back to London. After the six months Lockwood decides to make a seco nd visit. there he finds out, that Heathcliff has died one night. Also, Catherine lives and feels interest for Haerton, even though at first she made a laugh at his appearance and illiteracy. Later on Lockwood decides to visit the grave of Catherine and Heathcliff.Definitely more mysterious mood and plot is in Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre do not show so many mysteries in its plot. However, in Jane Eyre Jane sees a dream where Mr. Rochester is calling her from the abyss, same is in Wuthering Heights also, after reading strange letters in Heathcliffs house Lockwood sees a ghost. If look at Wuthering Heights one can see that work is written according to restrictions of time, place and manner. However, if place and manner is included in this work, the restriction of time is not, because the events take more than 24 hours until the culmination of the drama. Contrary, Jane Eyre does not follow these three restrictions. As for drama, Wuthering Heights definitely outscores Jane Eyre, more events happens in the first novel, even though they are all around the estate. What is similar in both stories is happy end, if we look at Jane Eyre Mr. Rochester marries Jane, however he is invalid and his vision is damaged. In Wuthering Heights, Haerton and Catherine also at the end live together and plan to marry, but we cannot say that it is a happy end of the story, because so many deaths happened during the storyline. Another similarity of these two stories is their semantic similarity. During my research, I pointed out, that for both stories semantic fields would be as follows death, marriage, family life. And for conclusion, one more similarity can be distinguished, Jane becomes an orphan and Heathcliff was brought to Wuthering Heights as also as an orphan.ConclusionProbably, if one will read at least one of the two discussed works and will like it, he will read the other offered work by Bronte family as well. Both works are rich with context, which describes the way of life during the 19th century.

Literature Review on Theories of Performance Appraisal

Literature Review on Theories of Performance Appraisal existencePerformance judgment means to prise the carrying out of employees that they are performing their jobs up to the standard of the cheeks or not. To evaluate the death penalty of employees it is truly important to be a proper performance appraisal system in the organization and to give the training to the managers of the organization to appraise the performance of employees correctly. This is a broad take for research and many researchers pull in done their researches on performance appraisal to improve the performance appraisal system of organization. In some organizations perplexity has apply poor system of appraisal in these clauses authors take a crap discussed that the have found the negative attitude of employees towards performance appraisal. The main purpose of this project was to explore the appraisal system in work place and attaining the importance of appraise and appraiser role to form a positive an d effective system. In these clauses they have worked on to give the knowledge to healthcare professionals about difficulties of implanting an appraisal system, including the lack of guidelines on skills and knowledge required. Researchers have used DEA data envelope analysis as a fair evaluating and sorting tool to support appraisal system. This study supports the ideas that rating formats need reexamination with a focus on computer based models as an alternative to traditional rating methods. Another method has already been used (AHP) analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the performance of employees based on the criteria . measuring stick/quality of the work, planning/organization, initiative/commitment, teamwork/cooperation, communication and external factors. All these criteria have been divided into three sub criteria to evaluate the employees.On performance appraisal researchers have done work on different areas but t here(predicate) is no work has been done on that which p erformance appraisal tools are more reclaimable for evaluating the performance of employees. I want to do my research on methods of performance appraisal that which methods are more useful and give best result to evaluate the performance of the employees.Literature reviewT. R. Manoharan (2002) has written In this article authors have discussed that they have noticed that in many organizations appraisal systems are (a) not relevant to organizational objectives, (b) subject to personal bias, and (c) are often influenced more heavily by personality than by performance. To eliminate these negative things there is a effort with a computer based tool called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is used in the working place to evaluate the performance of employees. Sample coat is 23 employees. A DEA study provides the following four properties (Paradi, Smith Schaffnit-Chatterjee 2002).A piecewise linear empirical envelopment surface to represent the best practice frontier, consisting o f units which evince the highest attainable outputs in relation to all other DMUs in the population, for their given take aim of inputsAn efficiency metric to represent the maximal performance sum of money for severally DMU(Decision Making Units) measured by its distance to the frontierSpecific targets or efficient projections onto the frontier for each inefficient DMUAn efficient reference muckle or peer group for each DMU defined by the efficient units closest to the DMUHere regression analysis is used and correlation has been checked in between these factors of DEA data set Job knowledge, customer relation, work habit, interpersonal relations, quality and sum. Through this analysis they have measured the efficiency and productivity of each employee.Rafikul Islam(July 8-10, 2005) has discussed In this article scholars have discussed that to evaluate the performance of organization that it is meeting its goals or not, it is important to evaluate the performance of employees o f the organization and for this valuation effective performance appraisal system should be maintained. They have mentioned two main objectives of this study first is to give rewards to those employees who have performed good in achieving organizational goals and second is to identify those objectives which are not met and make an action plan to ensure that they leave alone achieved in future. In this paper AHP (analytic hierarchy process) to evaluate employee performance. The criteria is used for appraisal is quantity/quality of the work, planning/organization, initiative/commitment, teamwork/cooperation, communication andexternal factors. Their sample size is 294 employees. There are many advantages of using AHP i.e AHP can compare two end elements at a time, it is easy and simple to use, it can easily accept multiple decision makers to solve any specific problem.AHP can easily accommodate multiple decision makers to solve a particular problemAHP compares two decision elements (criteria/alternatives) at a time.AHP is simple and easy to apply.Graeme Redshaw (2008) has written in this article is about to improve the performance appraisal system of nurses in organization. Author distributed questionnaire to 8 nurses to know about the performance appraisal system of the organization. 7 nurses were ill at ease(p) before the appraisal and 1 was confident after the appraisal all nurses were agreed with the outcomes of appraisal. If the successful appraisal system is established so there will be clear aims and objectives, and will be able to implement fairly. Proper training will be provided to the managers to appraise the staff correctly.Diane Shaffer(May 11, 2009) has written in his article writer has discussed that motivation and performance appraisal are interrelated. Motivation is dependent on performance management. Employees who are motivated and happy with their jobs want to stay machine-accessible with the company for a long time. Many organizations ha ve not implemented correct performance appraisal system to evaluate the performance of employees. Author has discussed here that they should implement a successful appraisal method/system and also give reward to employees who perform good in the organization. Through this practice employee sire motivated towards their jobs and improve their performance and performance of organization as a whole will also improve.Almuth McDowall (2009)has discussed in his article that due to the high level of competition training and development has become very important. Its a era of globalization so it is playing a key role for the organization to get competitive advantage. While selection of activities including coaching, 360 degree appraisal and development centers (DCs) are become linked to development. In this article 360 degree appraisal has been discussed that it is very important to give the feedback to the employees about their performances. Positive feedback motivates the employees and th ey become more willing to work for further development programs. The authors examine different development activities with the aim universe to provide a framework with which to assess each ones effectiveness. They compare the processes incorporating a range of significant factors and highlight several important implications that uprise for any aim to meet organizations.Donald L. Caruth (2009)has discussed that the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the need for and propose a more aligned and integrated standard for performance evaluation to enhance effective strategic control. The paper reviews the various issues creating discontent with the performance appraisal systems within many organizations and demonstrates how these problems inhibit successful strategic control. It attempts to cogently incorporate the performance appraisal characteristics needed for the exercise to function as a critical organizational control metric and a useful feedback mechanism for strategic manage ment of the firm. The paper finds that, whereas performance evaluation has received reasonably robust examination in the human alternatives literature, explicit guidance toward the integration with strategic control is inadequate. Without undifferentiated alignment between these functions, however, performance appraisal becomes an exercise in futility instead of a vital control measurement, often resulting in not only strength dissatisfaction, but also, more importantly, an impediment to systematic strategy implementation.H.C. Shiva Prasad(2010) in this research paper authers have done work to dheck the performance of indian package professionals (SPs) Data were collected from 441 software and senior software engineers from eight Indian software firms. The team leaders assessed the performance of software and senior software engineers on 16 items. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of scores on 16 items of the instrument suggest six dimensions of performance. They are work-efficiency, personal resourcefulness, inter- and intra-personal sensitivity, productivity orientation, timeliness, and business intelligence. The dimensions have reliability and high convergent validity. SPs having more years of experience, higher need for achievement, and higher need for social power are high performers. Human resource managers can evaluate the performance of SPs holistically on six dimensions for training, reward administration, job rotation, and promotion decisions.

Limited Liability Corporations: Advantages and Disadvantages

hold Liability Corporations Advantages and DisadvantagesINTRODUCTIONDefinition of a moderate liability connection (LLC)This paper will first commence by giving the ex round meaning of a bound liability fellowship.A limited liability hatful (LLC) is the usual incorrect name used instead of a limited liability alliance. Therefore the limited liability comp any and the limited liability company both refer to the same thing. Following the clarification made above it is therefore correct to say that a limited liability company (corporation) is a legally cognize caper institution that gives a limited pillowcase of liability to its members (owners). It must be remembered that the limited liability corporation as it is known is non a corporation but is also a kind of association that is unincorporated. The only existing feature that is similar between a limited liability corporation (company) and a corporation is that both accommodate or give their owners limited liabilities.The LLC bears the flexibility advantage over the normal corporation. In entrap to further simplify the definition of an LLC it is a moving in entity that has both the qualities of a pardnership type of barter and a corporation (Mancuso, 2007).The Internal r blushue wait on authority has realized that the LLC are very popular due to their flexibility. The owners of these LLCs are also known as members and these members could range from individual to corporations, foreign institutions and even different LLCs.the the Statesn LLCs have an unlimited number of maximum members.Its also true as regulated by the IRS that certain ancestry institutions can non be LLCs these institutions include-Banks restitution companiesNonprofit organizationsHistory of limited liability corporations (LLC)This type of business has been in existence for a while now and it has been adopted in many separate of the world, this type of business is also protected and bound by law in the many different countries . There operations might be close to different but the main principles that govern their leechning remain the same (Shenkman, Weiner Taback, 2003). The different history stories will give a clear a prototype of how the LLCs operate in the different countries and their governing principles. This paper will look at the history of LLCs in the United States of America.History of LLCs in the United States of AmericaThe LLCs in the United States were as a result of inspirations from a German business organization, the business organization is known as the GmbH.The American LLCs also got their inspirations from the business model of many Latin American countries also known as the Lamitadas (Wood, 2000).The history of the LLCs in America is quiet interesting with the LLCs making their first carriage in the year 1977 in a state called the Wyoming. The Wyoming state had come up with a modified liability Company act for an oil company, three years later there was a ruling by the Interna l Revenue Service (IRS) and a private letter was introduced to the LLC Company that was physical bodyed under the Wyoming LLC act. The letter had stated that the IRS would treat the LLC under the Wyoming LLC act as a partnership for the purposes of Federal Tax (Humphreys, 1998).The IRS would later propose legislations that would deny all business enterprises (that had owners whose liabilities were limited) the partnership classification, further complicating matters for the LLCs.Many American states introduced the LLC act in the year 1988 due to the uncertainties that were arising due to the revenue issue that were facing the LLCs. This is because the IRS in that year did wipe out a revenue ruling that finally accepted the Wyoming type of LLC companies realiseed under the Wyoming LLC act as partnerships for tax related purposes.Every state had installed an LLC act by the year 1996 and in that same year a body called the National Conference of Commissioners on Uni take in State Laws worked to adopt the Uniform Limited Liability Company act. This act was accordingly revised in the year 2006.Facts about taxation of LLCSThere are a few situations about the receipts of LLCs that must be noned, these facts include the regulation and guide lines that have been issued by the IRS to give direction on the system of taxation for the LLC owners.The guidelines also highlight the type of tax returns to be filed and how to file the tax returns.The following are some of the guidelines given by the IRSFor single owned LLCsFor the purposes of filing a federal tax return, it is a common practice by the IRS to ignore the fact that the business entity is an LLC. This step is only meant for the taxation process and the business entity is still legally recognized as an LLC. There are two categories of reporting the income and expenses.The first category is for those LLCs that are owned by individuals and the IRS expects the LLCs income and expense to be reported on the fo rm 1040, schedule C, E or F. In situations where the only member of the LLC is a corporation then the LLCs income and expenses must be reported on the corporations return which is form 1120 or 1120S (www.irs.gov)Taxation for LLCs with multiple ownersThese types of LLCs usually file a partnership return which is done in the form 1065 (www.irs.gov)Employment taxesAll LLCs must experience their employment tax requirements as stipulated by the IRS, it is therefore a fact that all the LLC employees are opened to withholding tax. The LLCs must also file form W-2 and form 1099 upon request. The issue of self employment is also captured by the IRS and it is a requirement that the LLCs must file the schedules C or F where the owners are subject to self employment taxes on their earnings. In situations where the LLCs file for the partnership returns then the members must allowance taxes on their share of partnership earnings (www.irs.gov) There is a special rule that applies in a situation where the LLC has operating losses, and this rule also limits the amount of deductions because of the owners Limited liabilities for the LLC debts.Advantages of an LLCTax flexibilityThe LLCs usually enjoy a degree or room to choose in what category to be taxed i.e. the LLCs can either choose to be taxed as a sole proprietor, corporation or even as partnerships.The owners liabilities are limitedDepending on the legislation of a given country the owners usually enjoy a degree of defense against Liability for the debts of the LLC, this would depend on the laws that govern the LLC in that particular country.Reduced Administrative WorkThe LLCs usually enjoy a much more trim back level of paper work and also administrative works compared to the corporations meaning that they would incur less cost by reducing their administrative works.No in two ways taxationThe LLCs are normally taxed once unless they choose otherwisewise for example if they decide to be taxed as the(C) corporationsN o taxation at LLC level concord to the tax category in which the LLCs are placed they are usually only taxed from the individual level, this means that the owners of the LLCS are the ones who are taxed but the LLCS are not taxed as the company.Separate entitySome laws to provide or state that the LLCs are different entities from the individuals, hence if an individual or owner is affected in any way by the law then this does not affect the company or if the company is involved in a legal suit then this does not affect the owners of the company.According to Shenkman, Weiner and Taback (2003), the other advantage of the LLCs is that the owners can usually retain the gains of the company as capital gains or even better as income that is foreign sourced meaning that the LLC is able to maintain the character of its income this only happens in cases where the LLC has chosen not to be taxed as a corporation.Easy setting up of the LLCIt is quiet manageable to set up the LLC in some states of America because it only requires one person to be involved (physically).Assigning of membership interestsWhen it comes to the LLCs it is possible to assign the membership interests the economic advantage brought about by the interests can be separated and even assigned, this gives the assignee the benefits that result from distribution.These listed advantages that are enjoyed by the owners are approximately appreciated and the owners are keen to work within the confines of the Law. The owners have particularly been keen on the tax flexibility of the LLCs as stipulated by roughly laws, thus the owners can enjoy a far much reduced burden of taxes that are levied thus they enjoy significant profit margins (www.irs.gov).The fact that closely laws recognize the LLCs as separate entities it is easy for the owners not to be victimized shut in of a Legal tussle between the company and any other entity.With proper and strategic utilization of the advantages the owners can be able to maximize their business potential and have a competitive advantage in the business market.The disadvantages of LLCsLack of definite title of authorityOne of the major challenges facing the LLC is the fact that the LLC as a business entity lacks a definite title of the designated authority that can enter into an agreement or a contract on the behalf of the LLC for example the title used by LLC include President, Chief executive officer, partner and managing director.Threat of being treated as a disregarded entitySince the LLCs are a new a concept and the many states apparently do not really recognize the LLCs but instead view them as sole proprietorship incases where it is owned by an individual or as partnership incases where it is run by a group. This means that the LLCs lose the advantage and instead their liabilities become unlimited.The third disadvantage is that in a situation where the LLC is outside the American legal power then there is a greater possibility for the LLC to be treated as a corporate therefore stripping it of the advantages it enjoys as the LLC.The fact that the LLCs body structures not properly understood by many is a clear indicator that its reception is also limited among the greater public. The LLC also does not have a board of Directors.In some situations where the LLCs are just starting the members are usually required by creditors to personally guarantee the loans on the behalf of the company, this directly implies that the members or owners become directly liable for the debts incurred by the company.Difficulty in raising capitalThis may occur due to the fact that the general operating structure of the LLCs is not understood well by the investors hence they are more relaxed to invest their money simply because they do not have the hopes of making bread with the Initial public offer (Mancuso, 2007).There is also a possibility of the owners of the LLC getting into trouble for not having an operating agreement this is possible m ainly due to the fact that there is no legal requiring for the members to have one.How the disadvantages affect the companySome of the above disadvantages greatly affect the company, starting by the change magnitude inability to raise capital when this occurs or when a company is unable to attract the required number if investors to help it raise capital the operation costs of the company become difficult to meet, secondly without the optimum amount of capital the company becomes unable to meet optimally its set out objectives and it then even becomes difficult for this particular company to even expand.The lack of a definite title authority to enter into agreement might make the potential business partners to enter into any binding business agreement for fear of losing out by either entering into an agreement with a company representative who does not have the authority to legally enter into a binding agreement, meaning the company might lose out on many business opportunities (Hu mphreys, 1998).The issue of jurisdiction and taxation issues might be unfair to the company and in turn hurt the company profits in the long run, this is mainly because of the fact that the US LLCs might be considered as corporate for tax purposes which should not be the case thus they will lose more revenue through the taxes levied on them. Another thing that could really hurt the company is the fact that some creditors demanding that the owners guarantee loans that have been taken for the LLC,this not only strips the owners of their right to limited liabilities but also limits the capacity or the amount of credit that can be taken for the LLC for one simple reason and that is the fact that the individuals might have a limited capacity to guarantee the loans compared to if the LLC took the loan as separate entity (Humphreys, 1998).The fact that the LLCs are not really recognized in many states and that incase of an individual the LLC is only recognized as a sole proprietorship does actually limit its extent of operations and also exposes it to liabilities that face the sole proprietorship as a business entity.Operational tax issues At the state levelThe operational tax issues might not have guidance at the state level simply because different states do have there different laws and guidelines event though the laws are harmonized there are those states that would otherwise treat the issue of operational tax.Self EmploymentThere are two aspects to this operation tax. The first aspect is the LLCs category of filing namely C and FThis mostly requires that the members file their self employment taxes on their earning.The filing of partnership returnsHere there is a general requirement that the owners must pay tax from their share of partnership earnings.Passive activityThis usually limits the owners or members on the amount of loss that they are able to deductReferencesCody, T., Hopkins, D.A., Perlman, L.A. (2007). Guide to Limited Liability Companies. (9th ed.) . Boston CCH.Humphreys, T.A. (1998). Limited liability companies. Sydney Law Journal Press.Mancuso, A. (2007). Form Your Own Limited Liability Company. (5th ed.). Edinburgh Nolo.Mancuso, A. (2007). Your Limited Liability Company An Operating Manual. (5th ed.). Edinburgh Nolo.Shenkman, M.M., Weiner, S., Taback, I. (2003). starting time a Limited Liability Company. (2nd ed.). New York John Wiley and Sons.The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Information Center. Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http//www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,id=204335,00.html?portlet=6Wood, R.W. (2000). Limited liability companies formation, operation, and conversion. (2nd ed.). capital of Georgia Aspen Publishers Online.

In Defense of Hylas and Support of Locke Essays -- Philosophy essays

In Defense of Hylas and Support of Locke   I wish to admit and patronage John Lockes The Causal Theory of Perception because it is a logical argument with many useful applications. Primarily, this argument allows us to make more aim judgments about the world we perceive - it allows us to more accurately perk up reality by telling us how to separate the object itself from our own opinions or qualitative value judgments about the object. However, just the fact that a particular theory is useful does not mean that the theory itself is correct, even though that superpower be the motive for trying to prove its correctness. Therefore, I must also address George Berkeleys argument, put forth by his character Philonous in Three Dialogues surrounded by Hylas and Philonous, that to comprise is to be perceived.   To tackle Berkeleys argument, I will take Hylas and Philonouss Tree Argument. This is a nice variation on the common riddle of If a maneuver go in the middle of a fo rest, and no one is there to hear it, does it make a sound? Philonous is trying to prove that everything that exists is perceived, and therefore exists barely in the mind. If this is true, then nothing exists without the mind, and it is therefore pointless to distinguish between primary and secondary qualities as Locke does. Philonous challenges Hylas to conceive of any sensible object that exists without the mind. Hylas responds with the cerebration of a tree existing by itself, separate of, and unperceived by, any mind whatsoever. Philonous then points out that this is a contradiction - conceiving a thing that is unconceived. However, these ii riddlers atomic number 18 failing to take into consideration one crucial element - time.   Now, I intend to prove that ... ... Locke gives another good illustration with his flame up example. A flame can have a definite temperature - a primary pure tone of something that exists. It can also have warmth - a secondary quality that we see in the object that is closely related to the primary quality, but is a value judgment. And there can be the perception of pain - an stem which exists still in the mind, independent of the flame, even though associated with it.   If one accepts these ideas, one has a useful tool to help oneself be objective about a reliable thing. If we remember these distinctions, then we can identify and separate from each other those qualities which exist in the object itself, those judgments we make about those qualities, and those ideas we have independent of an object. Separating primary qualities from secondary qualities allows us to more accurately perceive reality. In Defense of Hylas and Support of Locke Essays -- Philosophy essays In Defense of Hylas and Support of Locke   I wish to defend and support John Lockes The Causal Theory of Perception because it is a logical argument with many useful applications. Primarily, this argument allows us to make more objective judgments about the world we perceive - it allows us to more accurately see reality by telling us how to separate the object itself from our own opinions or qualitative value judgments about the object. However, just the fact that a particular theory is useful does not mean that the theory itself is correct, even though that might be the motive for trying to prove its correctness. Therefore, I must also address George Berkeleys argument, put forth by his character Philonous in Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, that to exist is to be perceived.   To tackle Berkeleys argument, I will take Hylas and Philonouss Tree Argument. This is a nice variation on the common riddle of If a tree falls in the middle of a forest, and no one is there to hear it, does it make a sound? Philonous is trying to prove that everything that exists is perceived, and therefore exists only in the mind. If this is true, then nothing exists without the mind, and it is therefore pointless t o distinguish between primary and secondary qualities as Locke does. Philonous challenges Hylas to conceive of any sensible object that exists without the mind. Hylas responds with the idea of a tree existing by itself, independent of, and unperceived by, any mind whatsoever. Philonous then points out that this is a contradiction - conceiving a thing that is unconceived. However, these two riddlers are failing to take into consideration one crucial element - time.   Now, I intend to prove that ... ... Locke gives another good illustration with his flame example. A flame can have a definite temperature - a primary quality of something that exists. It can also have warmth - a secondary quality that we see in the object that is closely related to the primary quality, but is a value judgment. And there can be the perception of pain - an idea which exists only in the mind, independent of the flame, even though associated with it.   If one accepts these ideas, one has a useful to ol to help oneself be objective about a certain thing. If we remember these distinctions, then we can identify and separate from each other those qualities which exist in the object itself, those judgments we make about those qualities, and those ideas we have independent of an object. Separating primary qualities from secondary qualities allows us to more accurately perceive reality.